included
Pronouncedihn-KLOO-duhd
verbBrought into a group or total as part of it.
verbMade part of a group or total.
verbThought of or counted as part of something.
verbThought of or counted as part of something.
adjectiveProvided along with something else at no extra cost.
adjectiveProvided as part of something else, often at no extra cost.
Phonics breakdown
When the letter I appears in a closed syllable, it usually makes the short I sound “ih”. This is one of the trickiest short vowels because it sounds similar to short E.
Tip
I says “ih” like an itch you can't miss.
Examples
Phonics Rule: Letter N
Sound“n”·/n/
The letter N makes the /n/ sound, like in 'net', 'nap', and 'nut'. The tongue tip touches behind the upper teeth.
N is a voiced alveolar nasal — the tongue tip touches the ridge behind the upper teeth while voice hums through the nose. It is one of the most common consonants in English.
Tip
N hums through the nose — say /n/ and feel the buzz!
Examples
Phonics Rule: CL Blend
Sound“kl”·/kl/
C and L blend together — you hear both sounds! Like in 'class' and 'clean'.
The blend CL combines /k/ and /l/ spoken quickly together.
Examples
Phonics Rule: Open Syllable U — “oo” (Long U)
Sound“oo”·/uː/
In an open syllable, when U follows L, R, S, or J it says 'oo' instead of 'yoo' — like in 'su-per' and 'tru-ly'.
Same open-syllable pattern as the companion Open Syllable U (“yoo”) rule, but when the lone U follows L, R, S, or J it drops the Y-glide and says pure “oo” (su-per, ru-by, tru-ly). Same letter, different sound depending on what comes before it.
Tip
After L, R, S, J — U says oo, not yoo!
Examples
Phonics Rule: Letter D
Sound“d”·/d/
The letter D makes the /d/ sound, like in 'dog', 'day', and 'dig'. The tongue tip touches behind the upper teeth.
D is a voiced alveolar stop. The tongue tip touches the ridge just behind the upper front teeth, then releases with voice. It reliably makes the /d/ sound in almost all positions.
Tip
D is for dog — and dog starts with /d/!
Examples
Phonics Rule: Suffix -ED (“id” sound)
Sound“id”·/ɪd/
After T or D, -ED says “id” as an extra syllable, like in 'wanted' and 'needed'.
When the base word ends in T or D, -ed adds a whole new syllable “id”. This is the only time the E in -ed is pronounced.
Tip
After T or D, -ED gets its own beat — want-ED, need-ED!
Examples
What is SnapPhonics?
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