Plural -S (/s/ sound)
After a quiet sound like p, t, k or f, the plural ending says /s/ — like 'cats' and 'cakes'.
How this rule works
Say 'ssss' and then 'zzzz' with a finger on your throat — only 'zzzz' buzzes. When the word already ends in a quiet (unvoiced) sound like p, t, k or f, the plural ending stays quiet too and says /s/. This happens whether the word is spelled -s (cats) or -es (cakes, notes), because in cakes the e is silent and only the s is sounded.
Examples
Words that use this rule
146 words in the SnapPhonics dictionary use this rule. Tap any word to see how it breaks into sounds.
Exceptions
Three plural sounds: /s/ after quiet sounds, /z/ after buzzing sounds, /ɪz/ after s, z, sh, ch, x.
What is SnapPhonics?
A phonics reference for teachers, parents and learners. Every English word, broken into the sounds that make it — with audio, syllables, and the rule behind each spelling.
Save words to study lists, build flashcard decks, and scan your own worksheets and books.